Quality Circles: 2021

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Thursday, January 7, 2021

Quality Gurus

For everything you wanted to know on building leadership and management, refer Shyam Bhatawdekar’s website: http://shyam.bhatawdekar.com (Refer our High Quality Management Encyclopedia “Management Universe” at: http://management-universe.blogspot.com/) Original

Quality Gurus

1. Deming

Stresses worker pride and satisfaction rather than the establishment of quantifiable goals and process improvement. Deming’s profound knowledge system consists of four interrelated parts:

Appreciation for a system
Understanding of variations
Theory of knowledge
Psychology

Fourteen points:

Create consistency of purpose with a plan.
Adopt the new philosophy of quality.
Cease dependence on mass inspection.
End the practice of choosing suppliers based solely on price.
Identify problems and work continuously to improve the system.
Adopt modern methods of training on the job.
Change the focus from production numbers (quantity) to quality.
Drive out fear.
Break down barriers between departments.
Stop requesting improved productivity without providing methods to achieve it.
Eliminate work standards that prescribe numerical quotas.
Remove barriers to pride of workmanship.
Institute vigorous education and retraining.
Create a structure in top management that will emphasize the preceding thirteen points every day.

2. Juran

He defines quality as fitness for use in terms of design, conformance, availability, safety and field use. He is prepared to measure everything and relies on systems and problem solving techniques. He focuses on top-down management and technical methods rather than worker pride and satisfaction.

The Juran Trilogy:

I. Quality Planning

Create a process that will be able to meet established goals and do so under operating conditions

Establish quality goals
Identify the customers
Determine the customers' needs
Develop product features that respond to the customers' needs
Develop processes that are able to produce the product features
Establish quality controls
Transfer the plans to the operating forces

II. Quality Control

Keep the waste from getting worse; meet quality goals during operations
Evaluate actual performance
Compare actual performance to quality goals
Act on the difference

III. Quality Improvement

Breaking through to unprecedented levels of performance
Prove the need
Establish the infrastructure
Identify the improvement projects
Establish project teams
Provide the teams with resources, training, and motivation to: - Diagnose the causes and - Stimulate remedies
Establish controls to hold the gains

Ten points:

Build awareness of opportunities to improve.
Set goals for improvement.
Organize to reach goals.
Provide training.
Carry out projects to solve problems.
Report progress.
Give recognition.
Communicate results.
Keep score.
Maintain momentum by making annual improvement part of the regular systems and processes of the company.

3. Feigenbaum

He used a total quality control approach that may very well be the forerunner of today’s TQM. He promoted a system for integrating efforts to develop, maintain and improve quality by the various groups in an organization.

Feigenbaum’s philosophy is summarized in his three steps to quality:

Quality leadership
Modern quality technology
Organizational commitment

4. Philip Crosby

His absolutes of quality:

Quality = conformance to requirements, not “goodness".
System to achieve quality is prevention, not appraisal.
Standard = zero defects, not “that’s close enough”.
Measurement = price of non-conformance, not indexes.

Fourteen points:

Management commitment.
Quality improvement team.
Quality measurement.
Cost of quality.
Quality awareness.
Corrective action.
Zero defects planning.
Supervisor training.
Zero defects day.
Goal setting.
Error cause removal.
Recognition.
Quality councils.
Do it all over again.

5. Kaoru Ishikawa

Ishikawa built on Feigenbaum’s concept of total quality and promoted greater involvement of all employees from top management to the front line staff and reducing reliance on quality professionals and quality departments. Some key elements of his philosophy are summarized below:

Quality begins at education and ends with education.
The first step in quality is to know the requirement of customers.
The ideal state of quality control occurs when inspection is no longer necessary.
Remove the root cause, not the symptoms.
Quality control is the responsibility of all workers and all divisions.
Do not confuse the means with the objectives.
Put quality first and set your sights on long term profits.
Marketing is the entrance and exit of quality.
Top management must not show anger when facts are presented by subordinates.
95% of the problems in a company can be solved with simple tools for analysis and problem solving.
Data without dispersion information (i.e. variability) are false data.

6. Genichi Taguchi

Taguchi’s approach assumes that smaller the variation about the nominal specification, the better is the quality. He measured quality as the variation from the target value of a design specification and then translated that variation into an economic “loss function” that expresses the cost of variation in monetary terms.

Taguchi also contributed to improving engineering approached to product design. By designing a product that is insensitive to variation in manufacture, specification limits become meaningless. He advocated certain techniques of experimental design to identify the most important design variables in order to minimize the effects of uncontrollable factors on product variation. Thus his approaches attach quality problems early in the design stage rather than react to problems that might arise later in production.

7. Shigeo Shingo

He is associated with Just-in-Time (JIT) system. He also introduced single (digit) minute exchange of die (SMED) system, in which set up times are reduced from hours to single digit minutes. Towards achieving the zero defects, he invented poka-yoke (mistake proofing) system. By using the devices or systems using poka-yoke principle, even a single mistake is not allowed at all, even inadvertently. Poka-yoke device identifies the problem and even before the item is processed, the production process is stopped and corrections incorporated in the system after root cause analysis. Thus, not a single defect is produced, nor it gets sent to the customer.

For More Guidance, Assistance, Training and Consultation

Contact: prodcons@prodcons.com

Also refer: (Prodcons Group) http://prodcons-group.blogspot.com/ (Training Programs by Prodcons Group) http://training-development-function.blogspot.com/ (Productivity Consultants) http://productivity-consultants.blogspot.com/

Other Topics of Interest

Quality Circles History

Compete History of Evolution of Quality Circles

(For all other details on Quality Circles, refer: http://quality-circles.blogspot.com/)

(Book titled "Essentials of Quality Circles" is available online from Amazon as printed book and eBook)

Statistical Quality Control

1947: General Douglas McArthur requested US Govt to send experts to help Japanese rejuvenate their industries. Dr Edward Deming was sent.

1949: An Overseas Technical Research Committee was organized by the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE)

1949: JUSE organized a seminar on “SQC”

1949: JUSE organized a seminar “Quality Control- Basic Course”

1950: JUSE published a magazine “SQC”

1950: Dr Deming invited to eight day Quality Control seminar organized by JUSE

1951: Deming prize instituted

1954: Dr Joseph Juran invited to Quality Control Management seminar organized by JUSE

1956: Japan’s radio started broadcasting a Quality Control Course organized by JUSE

1960: Japanese Govt declared November as Quality Month and Q-flag was adopted

Quality Control Circles or Quality Circles

Quality Control Circles (Japan)

1962: First QC Circle was registered with QC Circle Head Quarters

1962: First annual QC Conference for Foremen was held

1964: Regional chapters of QC Circles were organized in four different districts

1966: Dr Juran observed Japanese QC Circle activities

1966: Special QC Circle session was organized at the 10th conference of European Organization for Quality Control held in Stockholm, Sweden

1967: Number of registered QC Circles grew to 10000

1968: JUSE dispatched the first QC Circle Study Team overseas

1969: Registered Circles grew to 20000

1969: 100th QC Circle Conference was held in Tokyo

1970: Registered Circles grew to 30000

1971: JUSE organized the first QC Circle seminar

1971: 200th QC conference was held

1971: Registered QC Circles grew to 40000

1971: First National QC Circle Conference was held in Tokyo

1972: Regional Circles grew to 50000

1973: 300th QC Circle Conference was held

1974: Registered circles grew to 60000

1974: 400th QC Circle conference was held

1975: Registered Circles grew to 70000. 500th Conference was held

1977: Registered Circles grew to 80000. 700th Conference was held

1978: Registered Circles grew to 90000

1978: First international QC Circle Convention was held

1979: 800th QC Circle Conference was held

1979: Registered QC Circle Conference numbered 100000

1980: 900th Conference was held

1981: International QC Circle Convention was held

1985: Third International QC Circle Convention was held

1988: More than one million Circles with over ten million members

Quality Circles (Other than Japan)

1974: Lockheed Company, USA started Quality Circle movement

1977: International Association of Quality Circles (IACC) was formed in USA

1980: 230 companies in USA had Quality Circles

1983: There were more than 500,000 known Quality Circles active in the world

Quality Circles (India)

1980: BHEL, Hyderabad first in India to start Quality Circles

1982: Quality Circle Forum of India (QCFI) was founded

1983: Tata Motors (formerly Telco) started Quality Circles, by 1985 they had more than 400 Circles

1985: BHEL had 1411 Circles covering around 13362 members

For a large number of high quality and authentic articles in leadership and management, go to these two gateways: http://shyam.bhatawdekar.com and http://management-universe.blogspot.com

Books Suggested for Your Personal, Professional and Organization's Library (available online from Amazon as printed books and eBooks)

Management, Business, Self-help and Personality Development Books

1. HSoftware (Human Software) (The Only Key to Higher Effectiveness)

2. Sensitive Stories of Corporate World (Management Case Studies)

3. Classic Management Games, Exercises, Energizers and Icebreakers

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6. 101 Classic Management Games, Exercises, Energizers and Icebreakers

7. Stress? No Way!! (Handbook on Stress Management)

8. HSoftware (Shyam Bhatawdekar’s Effectiveness Model)

9. Competency Management (Competency Matrix and Competencies)

10. Soft Skills You Can’t Do Without (Goal Setting, Time Management, Assertiveness and Anger Management)

11. Essentials of Work Study (Method Study and Work Measurement)

12. Essentials of Time Management (Taking Control of Your Life)

13. Essentials of 5S Housekeeping

14. Essentials of Quality Circles

15. Essentials of Goal Setting

16. Essentials of Anger Management

17. Essentials of Assertive Behavior

18. Essentials of Performance Management & Performance Appraisal

19. Health Essentials (Health Is Wealth)

20. The Romance of Intimacy (How to Enhance Intimacy in a Relationship?)

Novels, Stories, Biographies and Travelogues

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25. My Father (Biography)

26. Travelogue: Scandinavia, Russia
27. Travelogue: Europe